Ain Zubaidah

Ain Zubaidah includes a network of water conduits that carry rainwater from Al-Kar Mountains to the east of Makkah, to the holy sites and some residential areas in Makkah. These 30-kilometer-long conduits go through valleys and mountains, and some parts are 40 meters in depth. Along the course of water, there are 132 inspection chambers.

Water is stored in underground tanks, called "bazanat", while there are sub-conduits for torrents that feed into water carried through the main conduit.

The network was established at the orders of Zubaidah, wife of Harun Al-Rashid, in 194 Hijri (809-810 AD), who made it a waqf for providing the holy sites of Makkah and neighboring villages with water. The conduits were used to carry water in large amounts, which was used for irrigation in nearby farms and fields, making it a tourist and recreational destination for visitors and locals. 

Visitors can explore the conduits of Ain Zubaidah in various locations in Makkah, including Al-Kar Mountains, Mashaar Arafa, western and southern mountainsides between Arafat and Muzdalifah and the district of Al-Aziziyah.